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Excavations on the eastern slope of Tel Yizra‘’el, near the spring of ‘En Yizra‘’el, revealed two periods, represented mainly by ceramic finds: the Intermediate Bronze Age, and, to a lesser extent, Early Bronze Age III. The discovery of an Intermediate Bronze Age habitation at Tel Yizra‘’el fills a lacuna in the Intermediate Bronze Age settlement pattern on the western foothills of Mt. Gilboa, at the south–central approach to the Jezreel Valley. 

Burial Cave 900 in Nahal Refa’im, Jerusalem, exposed two main burial phases: the early phase dated to the Intermediate Bronze Age and the later, to Middle Bronze Age II. The finds from the Intermediate Bronze Age layer included the bones of a single individual and several pottery vessels. Above this layer were two MB II burial levels: the early level included the remains of 12 individuals, attesting to a multiple burial, and the later level comprised seven burial groups, each representing the secondary burial of one individual and his personal items, as well as animal bones. 

A group of quarrying tools was recovered from Area B of the Third Wall excavations, approximately 400 m northwest of Damascus Gate, Jerusalem. The tools were found side-by-side, one atop the other, and therefore, seem to be part of a stonemason’s tool kit. Among the tools are splitting wedges and wedge slats. This is the first time that so large a group of ancient quarrying tools has been exposed in situ in an archaeological excavation. The tools were probably used in a quarry dating to the Second Temple period.

Three areas (A–C) were excavated, comprising four occupation layers dating from the first–second centuries CE, the third–fourth centuries CE, the fifth century CE and the seventh–eighth centuries CE. A trefoil-apsed church dating to the fifth century CE was exposed in Area B. The apse was built over a crypt that most probably contained the remains of martyrs or saints. The finds recovered from the church include pottery, glass, coins, marble fragments of a table and columns, attesting that it was in use until the Muslim conquest of the country in the seventh century CE. In Area A, complex winepresses, quarries and fence walls were exposed, pointing to the agricultural nature of the area. 

Excavations in the northeastern part of Yafo exposed a massive wall from the Hellenistic period, which might have been part of a farmstead. The pottery, metal artifacts and numismatic finds from this period indicate that the occupants were wealthy and maintained trade contacts. The most prominent finds date to the late Ottoman period (nineteenth–mid-twentieth centuries CE), including the remains of seven buildings, a road, seven built cesspits and an underground drainage system. The late Ottoman remains attest to extensive development of the area at a time when there was a flourishing trade in citrus fruit and the city’s population reached its peak. 

Excavations on the eastern fringes of Tel Yafo unearthed finds dating from the Hellenistic, Byzantine, Early Islamic, Crusader and Ottoman periods. From the Hellenistic period, a bronze coin of Ptolemy II was found. From the Byzantine period, occupation layers were exposed that contained potsherds, glass tesserae and glass industrial waste. During the Islamic period, the area was used for industrial and agricultural purposes. In the Crusader period (the late eleventh–twelfth and the thirteenth centuries CE), organized street networks, public buildings and dwellings, as well as a well-developed industry, were exposed. Yafo was reoccupied in the Ottoman period (seventeenth century CE), and by the nineteenth century, public buildings, hostels, shops and streets were constructed. The finds from the excavation included pottery and glass, mainly dating to the Early Islamic and Crusader periods.