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Excavations undertaken in two separate areas (100, 200) at Sha‘ar Ha-Golan, revealed the remains of domestic structures dating to Early Bronze Age IV. These represent the remains of a single-stratum rural settlement that extended over some 200 dunams, one of the largest settlements of this period that have been exposed so far in the country. The structures are multi-roomed rectilinear buildings, with dwelling units comprising three or more rooms. The plans of the buildings are not unified; most of them have a large central broadroom, its roof sometimes supported by columns, which stood on stone bases. Additional elements, such as benches along the walls and stone mortars sunk into the floors, point to a relationship with earlier architectural traditions in the southern Levant during the third millennium BCE. The pottery from Sha‘ar Ha-Golan was attributed to Dever’s Family NC, and includes storage jars, cooking pots, kraters and bowls. The pottery types indicate that food storage was a major priority, clearly expressing the sedentary nature of the settlement. The model of an unfortified rural settlement dispersed over a wide area attests to the drastic changes that took place in the fabric of society following the disappearance of the earlier urban culture.

At the site of Er-Rujum, located on the western slopes of the Ramallah Anticline in the northern part of the Ayyalon Valley, an Intermediate Bronze Age site was discovered below Ottoman-period rujums. The architecture at the site comprised broadrooms, with a central space and passages between them, demonstrating similarities with other Intermediate Bronze Age buildings excavated in the Jordan Valley and the Judean Hills. The finds at the site included pottery typical of the Southern Family, dominated by storage jars, flints, groundstone tools, a metal blade and beads, as well as faunal and botanical remains; pottery dating to Middle Bronze Age II was collected from fills, probably connected with a settlement from this period at nearby Sha‘alabim. The site of Er-Rujum was interpreted as a rural village with a subsistence strategy comprising an association of agriculture with some cattle herding, together with manufacturing workshop activities. This site provides additional data toward an understanding of the nature and settlement patterns of this controversial period in the archaeology of the southern Levant.

Excavations at Site 8a at Khirbat Burnat (Southwest), within the Modi‘in Region Industrial Zone, revealed remains of a simple oil press (bodeda) and a cooking pot dating to Iron Age II; fragmentary walls, potsherds, a stone altar and metal objects from the Persian period; and agricultural terraces and scattered finds from the Byzantine period. Most of the remains, however, belong to a large rural dwelling complex, which was occupied during the Late Hellenistic and Early Roman periods (second century BCE–second century CE). Nine buildings and three courtyards were identified, all founded on bedrock and connected with passageways. Several installations were hewn in and around the buildings: cisterns, sitting baths, a miqveh, quarries, cupmarks, winepresses and burial caves. The ceramic, glass and numismatic finds indicate that the settlement was occupied in the early part of the second century CE and abandoned during the Bar Kokhba Revolt. The dwelling complex was probably part of the Jewish settlement in the Lod plain, established after the region was handed over to Jonathan the Hasmonean by Alexander Balas in 147 BCE.

Sections of the Upper Aqueduct to Jerusalem were revealed while widening Hebron Road in Jerusalem, enabling a better understanding of its original route and date. Most of the finds scattered on surface level near the aqueduct—mainly pottery and coins—dated to the Late Roman and Byzantine periods; finds dating to the First and Second Temple periods were found as well. Other elements discovered during the excavation and surveys in the area include: agricultural terraces, burial caves, a winepress, a cistern and a quarry. In the surveyed area, at the site of Bir Qadismo, were numerous finds scattered on the surface, which pointed to the presence of a large public building, possibly a church from the Byzantine period: ashlars, column fragments, a pedestal, marble items, roof tiles and a colorful mosaic floor. These were identified as the remains of the Church of Kathisma Palaeon.