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‘Atiqot 83 (2015)
ISBN 2948-040X
A Late Byzantine Industrial Quarter and Early Islamic-Period Finds at Horbat Be’er Shema‘
(pp. 209–248)
Tali Erickson-Gini, Benjamin J. Dolinka and Larissa Shilov
Keywords: ancient sources, Justinian Plague, Islamic conquest, wine production, screw press, numismatics, bronze coins, pottery kiln, economy, church, industry
Nine areas were excavated (Areas A–H, N). In the Byzantine period (fifth–early seventh centuries CE), the western perimeter of the site served as an industrial quarter containing a large winepress of the ‘four-square’ type, a building for storing jars and at least one structure with an underground cellar. A meager occupation occurred during the Early Islamic period (eighth–ninth centuries CE) in new areas of the site. The site was resettled after 1900 by Egyptian fellahin, who exploited the high water table for agricultural purposes; mud-brick structures had survived from this period. Most of the ceramic vessels from the excavation date to the Byzantine period and include a relatively large number of broken storage jars—mainly bag-shaped jars and Gaza wine jars. It is suggested that the storage jars were produced in a nearby kiln; this assumption is further supported by the presence of kiln wasters scattered over the surface of the site. The small finds from the Byzantine period include fragments of glass vessels, a bronze spatula, iron nails, a seashell and a bone-shaped object carved from stone. From the Islamic period were found glazed pottery bowls, a decorated piece of a marble vessel and a sherd from a large storage jar bearing the name Allah in Arabic, a cylindrical flask and two metal weights. The finds from the twentieth century comprise Black Gaza Ware and part of a wooden and metal antilliya box.