Excavations on the ancient tell of Rosh Pinna revealed a vigorous settlement during the Iron Age and throughout the Hellenistic, Roman, Byzantine and possibly the Early Islamic periods. In Iron I, Rosh Pinna seems to have been a substantial settlement in the eastern Galilee, as attested by impressive architectural remains with plastered and red-painted walls. During Iron II, Rosh Pinna was part of a strong Israelite settlement system. This stratum showed evidence of a violent destruction in the tenth or ninth century BCE, possibly throwing light on an event recorded in the Bible, such as the Aramean raid by Ben Hadad or Hazael. The later, final demise of Iron II Israelite Rosh Pinna may be related to the 733/732 campaign of Tiglath-Pileser III. Following a hiatus during the seventh–second centuries BCE, the site was resettled in the late Hellenistic period, with a Phoenician-style public building. Based on scattered remains of monumental building elements typical of synagogue architecture, a Jewish presence might be assumed during the Roman and Byzantine periods, possibly extending into the Early Islamic period.