The excavations at the Armon Ha-Naziv tunnel in Jerusalem shed light on its purpose, as well as on the dating of the lower aqueduct’s construction, its periods of use and planning. The excavations exposed the full length of the tunnel and various installations adjacent to the tunnel entrances. It is now possible for the first time to date the aqueduct to the Second Temple period on the basis of archaeological finds. Some changes were made to the aqueduct during the Byzantine period. Following the Muslim conquest and during the Umayyad period, the aqueduct was redirected to the Temple Mount, Haram esh-Sharif. During the Ottoman period, a terracotta pipe was placed in the earlier channel of the aqueduct, most likely to prevent access to the water before it reached its destination.